We are not supporting this browser

Baby Baby Name Generator

      Food allergies and intolerances

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      .

      Weaning

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      .

      Food allergies and intolerances

      Food allergies and food intolerances are types of ‘food hypersensitivity’ – when you have a bad reaction to a food. Although they’re different conditions, it’s easy to get them confused.

      What is a food allergy?

      If you have a food allergy, your immune system will react badly to a food that is harmless to someone without an allergy. The foods that trigger allergic reactions are called ‘allergens’. Food allergies are more common in little ones than adults; this may be because their immune and digestive systems aren’t yet fully developed. The most common foods that children are allergic to include:

      • Cows’ milk
      • Eggs
      • Fish
      • Wheat
      • Soya
      • Nuts

      Allergic reactions can be described as ‘immediate’ or ‘delayed’. If they’re immediate, symptoms can occur within minutes or up to 2 hours after eating the allergen. If they’re delayed, it can take a few hours or even days for the symptoms to occur, which can make it difficult to diagnose.

      Spotting the symptoms

      Symptoms can vary, but they often involve:

      • Skin reactions – itchy rashes, eczema and swelling of the lips, eyes and face
      • Digestive problems – diarrhoea and vomiting
      • Respiratory problems – wheezing and sneezing 

      Very occasionally, symptoms can become severe, leading to breathing problems, swelling of the throat, and anaphylaxis, which requires emergency medical treatment.

      Common food allergies in babies

      The most common food allergy in babies and young children is cows’ milk protein allergy. Symptoms usually appear when they start drinking infant formula or start weaning. And if you’re breastfeeding, your baby can sometimes react to the tiny amounts of cows’ milk protein which pass from your diet into your breastmilk.

       

      What is a food intolerance?

      A food intolerance is also when you have a bad reaction to a food. But unlike an allergy, this reaction does not involve the immune system. For example, someone with lactose intolerance doesn’t produce enough of the enzyme, lactase, to break down the lactose (a type of sugar) in certain foods – like dairy products. The undigested lactose then causes symptoms like diarrhoea, bloating and wind. 

      There are 4 main types of lactose intolerance:

      1. Congenital lactose intolerance − this is an extremely rare condition, when a baby is born without the ability to produce lactase.

      2. Primary lactose intolerance − an inherited condition leading to a deficiency in lactase. It doesn’t usually occur before the age of 2−3, and is more common in countries where dairy foods are not eaten as much, such as in Asia and parts of Africa and North/South America. Whereas, in Northern Europe, where people eat a lot of dairy, it's relatively rare. Most adults with lactose intolerance can tolerate small amounts of lactose throughout the day.

      3. Secondary lactose intolerance − this is when the production of lactase is temporarily reduced because the cells in the gut that make it are damaged. This can happen after an infection, like gastroenteritis or persistent diarrhoea. Things usually get back to normal after a few weeks, once the gut has healed.

      4. Developmental lactase deficiency – this affects some premature babies and means they are unable to produce enough lactase early on, but this improves as they get older.

      As breastmilk contains lactose, babies are naturally designed to be able to digest it. That’s why primary lactose intolerance is not very common in infants, but they may suffer from secondary lactose intolerance after a tummy bug, or a condition like cows' milk protein allergy, that can damage the gut. These are normally temporary intolerances which disappear when the gut heals.

      What to do if you think your little one has a food allergy or intolerance

      If you think your baby has a food allergy or intolerance, you should talk to your GP or public health nurse about it. I you think your baby is having an anaphylactic reaction (a severe reaction where your baby may struggle to breathe, become floppy or faint, or show swelling of the lips, hands or feet), they will need emergency medical treatment.

      What will happen if your GP suspects a food allergy?

      If your GP thinks your baby could have a food allergy, they may ask you a number of questions, such as:

      • When did the symptoms start?
      • What symptoms have occurred?
      • How severe are they?
      • How long do they last?
      • What foods do you suspect?
      • What foods have you have tried avoiding?

      So, it can be helpful to take a diary of symptoms with you showing what reactions happened and what foods were eaten at the time. They may also ask if you, your partner or other children have any allergies.

      Your baby may need to have some tests to make sure they get the right diagnosis. This is usually done at a hospital, where you should also get some information about support groups in your area. 

      If your baby has suspected cows’ milk protein allergy, your GP should be able to give you advice on what to eat if you are breastfeeding, or which hypoallergenic formula to use if you are bottlefeeding. 

      Any more questions?

      Our specialist baby advisors and experienced mums are here to talk and ready to help whenever you need them. You can call us or reach us on Live Chat 8.30am-5.30pm Monday-Friday.

      Join the C&G baby club today

      Join the C&G baby club today

      • Weekly emails with tips and advice for your stage
      • 1-to-1 support from our dedicated Careline team, 8.30am - 5.30pm Monday to Friday.
      Join us now

      More from baby

      Your privacy is important to us and therefore we would like to explain how we use cookies on this website. With your consent, we will use cookies to measure and analyse how our website is used (analytical cookies), to tailor it to your interests (personalisation cookies), and to show you relevant advertising and information (targeting cookies) we think you will like. For more information please read the cookie statement.

      Privacy Settings

      You can choose your preferences anytime for cookies and tracking. For more information please read our cookie policy

      • Strictly necessary

        They are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services (setting your privacy preferences, logging in, filling in forms, etc.). You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.

      • Analytical cookies

        They allow us to count visits and traffic sources, to measure and improve the performance of our site. They show us which pages are the most and least popular and how visitors move around the site. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.

      • Personalisation cookies

        They enable website’s enhanced functionality and personalization. They may be set by us or by third parties whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies, some or all of these services may not function properly.

      • Targeting cookies

        They may be set through our site by our advertising partners, to build a profile of your interests and to show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.